Coagulation and Haemostasis

A notable feature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), is the high emergence of pulmonary and extrapulmonary thrombosis observed in patients with severe disease. The incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) varies between 6 and 86% depending on the investigations performed, follow-up time documented, and thromboprophylactic regimens used;the prevalence ranges between 15 and 40%. These are important numbers, especially compared with the prevalence of VTE associated with non-COVID-19 diseases (5-30%) [1]. Thus, VTE is an important consideration in the management of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 [2]. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.

Antibiotics, Antiretroviral, Corticosteroids, Other Therapies Against SARS-CoV-2

Pharmacological treatment for COVID-19 is still exclusively supportive [1]. Drugs have been tested based on the pathogenesis events, particularly considering the potential impact on? (1) the viral infection and replication cycle (early phase);and (2) the inflammatory response phase marked by a cytokine storm that leads to tissue damage [2, 3]. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.

Digital Competence, Role Stress and Engagement: Towards positive mental health in Latin American teachers

The appearance of COVID-19 generated a new dynamic in the roles of the university teacher, who has had to rethink their pedagogical practice based on a hybrid education, assuming the commitment of the virtualization of formative processes;This new scenario demanded a deployment of their digital skills that required a readjustment to the work environment in exposure to stressors and psychosocial risk factors that may be affecting the health of the teacher. Therefore, the objective of this study is found in the evaluation of role stress (ambiguity, conflict and overload), engagement (vigor, dedication and absorption) and digital competences, of 300 teachers in six Latin American countries: Peru, Colombia, Chile, Brazil, Mexico and Ecuador. An applied research of a socio-critical paradigm and a mixed approach was developed, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional design, with a correlational and explanatory scope. Three questionnaires (processed through SPSS software) and one open question (processed through Atlas.ti software) were administered. The results indicate a medium level of digital skills, a high level of engagement and a medium level of role stress. Between engagement and role stress, a significant and negative relationship was found, and the statistical model allowed to verify that the higher the level of role stress, the lower the commitment, which is an alert. In turn, a significant positive relationship was found between engagement and digital skills, and between role stress and digital skills, no statistically significant relationship was found. The behavior of the three variables is similar in public and private universities, however, digital skills and engagement are different in men and women, although role stress is very similar between them. The qualitative question was allowed to systematize groups of codes that were grouped into three families (emerging categories), these are: promotion of teaching learning communities, ICT-based strategies for formative evaluation in virtual environments, and positive mental health self-management, This third factor being a dynamic element with a high preponderance in the teachers' discourse, which is revealed as a real and felt need, and allows us to rethink psychosocial intervention alternatives for the post-pandemic period. © 2021 IEEE.

TRACEABILITY OF REFLECTIVE LEARNING IN THE VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The social isolation caused by Covid-19 had a sudden impact on education. Educational institutions were forced to suspend face-to-face attendance and replace it with virtuality. Reflective processes could create potential and complex learning opportunities. The aim of the study is to carry out a traceability analysis of reflective learning (RA) in virtuality, identifying its main trends in scientific production during the pandemic and to analyze the orientations at the formative level for this new situation. The meta-analytical methodology based on the Prisma method allowed the identification, selection, eligibility and inclusion of scientific articles from Scopus and Web of Science. The results end in the inclusion of 11 articles for qualitative analysis, 9 of which belong to higher education and 2 to basic schooling. There is a trend towards empirical studies that determine that it is possible to apply RA as a strategy in the digital environment. The quantitative analysis carried out on the 95 articles -of identification -shows that there is a multidisciplinary scientific productivity base during the pandemic, not exclusive to the educational level. However, access and publication of completed articles is reduced, with a greater preponderance in Scopus than in WOS.

Time course of chest computed tomography findings and biomarkers in COVID-19 pneumonia patients

RATIONALE: Chest computed tomography (CT) has a potential role in the diagnosis, detection of complications, and prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The value of chest CT can be further amplified when associated to physiological variables. Some studies have done efforts to correlate chest CT findings with overall oxygenation and respiratory mechanics, which although they are easily obtained may not be specifically related to COVID-19. Very few studies have tried to correlate chest CT findings with specific biomarkers related to COVID-19. For this purpose, temporal changes of chest CT were evaluated and then correlated with laboratory data in multicenter randomized clinical trial. METHODS: Adult patients who presented chest CT scan features compatible with viral pneumonia were admitted in the hospital and followed during 7 days (NCT: 04561219). CT scans and laboratory data [D-dimer, ferritin, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)] in blood were obtained at the moment of admission (Baseline) and on day 7 (Final). Qualitative and quantitative chest CT scan parameters were evaluated in ventral, middle and dorsal regions of interest (ROI) and classified as: hyper-, normal-, poor-, and non-aerated. RESULTS: In this study involving 45 COVID-19 patients no statistically significant differences in the overall Hounsfield Units (HU) ranges and percent of whole lung mass were found overtime. Normally aerated lung tissue reduced from Baseline to Final (p=0.004), mainly associated with a decrease in ventral (p=0.001) and middle (p=0.026) ROIs. At dorsal ROI, a reduction in CT lung mass in poorly aerated areas was observed from Baseline to Final. Poorly aerated and non-aerated lung areas were well correlated only with D-dimer blood levels (r=0.55, p<0.001;and r=0.52, p=0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: In patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, changes in poor-and non-aerated were associated to changes in D-dimer blood levels, which may be a specific biomarker to be follow in facilities without CT as a way to infer radiologic changes.